Modelling and Characterisation of Flexibility From Distributed Energy Resources

Harnessing flexibility from distributed energy resources (DER) to participate in various markets while accounting for relevant technical and commercial constraints is essential the development of low-carbon grids. However, there no clear definition or even description salient features aggregated DER flexibility, including its steady-state dynamic how these are impacted by network market requirements. This paper proposes a comprehensive modelling characterisation framework that based on concept nodal operating envelope (NOE). In particular, capacity, ramp, duration cost identified as key metrics associated with different but consistent NOEs describing xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">capability , xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">feasibility xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ramp xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">duration xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">economic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">technical xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">commercial flexibility features. These NOEs, which conceptually arise Venn diagram, can be built via optimal power flow (OPF) analysis, visualised active-reactive space, used stakeholders. Results canonical test system real distribution illustrate value applicability proposed model characterise provision services use cases.